Question
These structures’ +4 (“plus-4”) cells act as a reserve for replenishing the +1 (“plus-1”) to +3 (“plus-3”) base stem cells when necessary. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these structures often used to model the stem cell niche. These structures’ lumens are isolated from digestive fluid by diffusion-limiting openings, regular CFTR-mediated flushing, and MUC2 secretion.
ANSWER: intestinal crypts [or colonic crypts; prompt on intestinal glands]
[10m] The stem cells at the bottom of intestinal crypts are maintained by these cells’ secretion of WNT ligands, Notch stimuli, and alpha-defensins. These cells rely heavily on glycolysis to generate lactate for stem cells’ use.
ANSWER: Paneth (“pah-neth”) cells [prompt on PCs; prompt on enterocytes]
[10e] Paneth cells’ position relative to intestinal stem cells influences the outcome of this general process, which occurs as stem cells migrate up the walls of a crypt. This process involves any stem cells becoming specialized.
ANSWER: differentiation [accept word forms]
Data
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago A | Chicago B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Claremont A | Illinois A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Columbia B | Minnesota B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Cornell A | Ohio State A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Duke A | Yale A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Florida A | Brown A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Florida B | Rutgers B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech B | South Carolina A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Houston A | Purdue A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Indiana A | Cornell B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Iowa State A | WUSTL B | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Johns Hopkins A | Vanderbilt A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| MIT A | Northwestern A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| McGill A | Penn State A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Michigan A | NYU A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| North Carolina A | Harvard A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Penn A | Yale B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Rutgers A | Virginia A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Stanford A | Georgia Tech A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Texas A | Chicago C | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Toronto A | Minnesota A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| UC Berkeley A | Columbia A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UC Berkeley B | Imperial A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| WUSTL A | Maryland A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |