Question
Deutsch (“doytch”), Barenco, and Ekert showed that almost any 2-qubit (“two-Q-bit”) gate has this property and conjectured that the only gates to lack it are 1-qubit gates and classical gates. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this property that is, perhaps surprisingly, generic in quantum computing. David Deutsch proved that quantum computers with this property can perfectly simulate any finitely realizable physical system.
ANSWER: universality [or quantum universality]
[10m] A universal set of quantum gates is obtained from using gates that perform this operation and a CNOT (“C-not”) gate. A Hadamard gate can be viewed as two of these operations on the standard geometrical representation of qubit state space.
ANSWER: qubit rotations [or rotations on/of the Bloch sphere; prompt on descriptions of any of the following actions happening to a qubit on the Bloch sphere: moving or transforming or transporting; reject “translations”]
[10e] These devices excite trapped ions in Cirac (“see-rahk”) and Zoller’s CNOT gate. The gain medium of these devices amplifies light via stimulated emission.
ANSWER: lasers [or light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation]
Data
| Team | Opponent | Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chicago A | Brown A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Claremont A | Virginia A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Columbia A | Chicago C | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Cornell A | Florida A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Cornell B | Harvard A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Florida B | UC Berkeley B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech A | WUSTL A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Georgia Tech B | Rutgers A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Imperial A | Columbia B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Iowa State A | South Carolina A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Maryland A | Yale A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| McGill A | Penn A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Michigan A | Purdue A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Minnesota A | Texas A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Minnesota B | Vanderbilt A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| NYU A | Johns Hopkins A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Ohio State A | Duke A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Penn State A | WUSTL B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Stanford A | Chicago B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Toronto A | MIT A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UC Berkeley A | Indiana A | 10 | 0 | 10 | 20 |
| Yale B | Illinois A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |